Heya @DoYouLikeHam: If I had to pick one component, I'd say CPU has the biggest effect on render time; however, our machine's performance is a result of the sum of the parts (CPU, GPU, system bus, RAM, storage media, and on newer machines NPU). Coming from your model MacBook Pro, I'd pick a 16-inch or 14-inch MacBook Pro M4 Max, but the M3 Max, M2 Max, and even M1 Max should provide a good improvement. If not the Max, then M4 Pro, M3 Pro, or M2 Pro. I would also try to go with 32GB/1TB as the base for video editing and motion graphics, but give serious consideration to increasing each.
Here's a great After Effects benchmark that really tests a system (note: I'm not sure how well it would run on your configuration): The Ultimate Free After Effects Speed Test File
https://youtu.be/bCgnAoJLVHc?si=PiRp02NSIBWXjdcJ
Here are results that I've gotten on some of my computers:
16-inch MacBook Pro M4 Max 128GB/4TB
4 Min, 20 Sec
Application: After Effects v25.2.2.2
OS: macOS v15.3.1, RAM: 128.00 GB GB, CPUs (logical): 16
Apple M4 Max; 128GB RAM, 16 Cores (12 performance and 4 efficiency) with 40 GPU Cores (Metal 3)
16-inch MacBook Pro (Mac16,5)
2019 Mac Pro 192GB/4TB
12 Min, 7 Sec
Application: After Effects v24.6.6.1
OS: macOS v13.7.4, RAM: 192.00 GB GB, CPUs (logical): 32
2019 Mac Pro
3.2 GHz 16-Core Intel Xeon W
AMD Radeon Pro Vega II 32 GB
192 GB 2933 MHz DDR4
16-inch MacBook Pro M1 Max 32GB/1TB
13 Min, 21 Sec
10 Cores (8 performance and 2 efficiency) with 32 GPU Cores (Metal 3)
16-inch MacBook Pro (MacBook Pro 18,2))
2017 iMac pro 64GB/2TB
16 Min, 38 Sec
Application: After Effects v25.2.2.2
OS: macOS v13.7.4, RAM: 64.00 GB GB, CPUs (logical): 20
2017 iMac Pro (iMacPro1,1)
3 GHz 10-Core Intel Xeon W
Radeon Pro Vega 56 8 GB
64 GB 2666 MHz DDR4
HP zBook Studio 16 inch G10 Mobile Workstation 13th Gen Intel Core i9-13900H, 2600 MHz, 14 Cores 32GB/1TB Microsoft Windows 11 Pro
20 Min, 25 Sec
Application: After Effects v25.2.2.2
OS: Windows v10.0.22631, RAM: 31.64 GB, CPUs (logical): 20
HP zBook Studio 10 16-inch
System Model      HP zBook Studio 16 inch G10 Mobile Workstation PC
Processor   13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900H, 2600 Mhz, 14 Core(s), 20 Logical Processor(s)
Intel Iris Xe Graphics/NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Laptop GPU
DDR5 PC5-44800 5600MHz Non-ECC SODIMM
13-inch MacBook Pro M1 16GB/512GB
28Min, 3 Sec
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